The condition known as Down syndrome occurs because of an error in the cell division process, resulting in abnormality in the genetic material. Every cell of the human body consists of 46 chromosomes, from which 23 are given by the father and the other 23 by the mother. However, in this case an extra 21st chromosome results.
Down syndrome can be easily identified due to various cognitive and physical disabilities and impairments. Moreover, these can also be discovered before the baby is born through a series of tests and screenings done.
Most of the time, the age of the mother at which she gives birth to the baby is the leading cause of Down syndrome. It can be further sub-divided into three types:
Firstly, trisomy 21 is known to be the most common category of Down syndrome. 95% of the people who are suffering from this illness fall under this type. Here, every individual has one extra chromosome, adding them up to be 47 instead of the usual 46 chromosomes.
This occurs due to an error in the process of cell division that takes place either before or at the time of conception. It results in an additional copy of the 21st chromosome in each cell of the body.
Mosaicism is known to be the second category that occurs in less than 2% of babies. This condition comes about after fertilization has occurred, and causes some cells of the body to have 46 chromosomes, while some have the abnormal number of 47. The cause of the uneven numbers of chromosomes is because of an error that takes place while the 21st chromosome is being separated.
The last type is known as translocation occurring in 3-4% of people who experience Down syndrome. A portion of the 21st chromosome breaks and separates from it, and joins another one. The other chromosome is usually the 14th chromosome. An important factor why translocation happens is when one of the parents has an abnormal setting in his or her genetic material.
Down syndrome can be easily identified due to various cognitive and physical disabilities and impairments. Moreover, these can also be discovered before the baby is born through a series of tests and screenings done.
Most of the time, the age of the mother at which she gives birth to the baby is the leading cause of Down syndrome. It can be further sub-divided into three types:
Firstly, trisomy 21 is known to be the most common category of Down syndrome. 95% of the people who are suffering from this illness fall under this type. Here, every individual has one extra chromosome, adding them up to be 47 instead of the usual 46 chromosomes.
This occurs due to an error in the process of cell division that takes place either before or at the time of conception. It results in an additional copy of the 21st chromosome in each cell of the body.
Mosaicism is known to be the second category that occurs in less than 2% of babies. This condition comes about after fertilization has occurred, and causes some cells of the body to have 46 chromosomes, while some have the abnormal number of 47. The cause of the uneven numbers of chromosomes is because of an error that takes place while the 21st chromosome is being separated.
The last type is known as translocation occurring in 3-4% of people who experience Down syndrome. A portion of the 21st chromosome breaks and separates from it, and joins another one. The other chromosome is usually the 14th chromosome. An important factor why translocation happens is when one of the parents has an abnormal setting in his or her genetic material.
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